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Dr Lynn Clark

Contact

Department: School of Language, Social and Political Sciences ; Linguistics

Email: lynn.clark@canterbury.ac.nz

Direct Dial: +64 3 3695545

Office: Elsie Locke Building 209

Language: English

About
Research / Creative works
Networks

Fields of Research

  • - language variation and change
  • - phonetics & sociophonetics
  • - usage-based models of language
  • - the sociolinguistics of second language acquisition
  • - Scots and Scottish English

Researcher Summary

I am interested in three main areas of linguistics: (i) phonetics & phonology, (ii) sociolinguistics, and (iii) usage-based models of linguistics. I'm especially interested in connections between these three areas. I think that phonetic variation in language is both a vehicle for social cohesion and a cognitive entity and so in order to fully understand how phonetic knowledge is structured in the human mind, we must also understand how it is used in society and how social and linguistic information are linked in cognition.

Subject Area: Disciplines

  • Languages & Linguistics: English Language; Linguistics

Resources

  • Staff webpage
  • Lynn-Clark.jpg

Research/Scholarly/Creative Works

Journal Articles
  • Clark L. and Williams GJ. (2020) English Language Proficiency in Radiotelephony: A survey about its effect on the safety and efficiency of aviation. The Especialist 41(4) http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2318-7115.2020v41i4a9.
  • Villarreal D., Clark L., Hay J. and Watson K. (2020) From categories to gradience: Auto-coding sociophonetic variation with random forests. Laboratory Phonology 11(1) 6 http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/labphon.216.
  • Van Eyndhoven S. and Clark L. (2019) The - switch: An empirical account of the anglicisation of a Scots variant in Scotland during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. English Language and Linguistics : 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1360674319000078.
  • Whisker-Taylor K. and Clark L. (2019) Yorkshire Assimilation: Exploring the Production and Perception of a Geographically Restricted Variable. Journal of English Linguistics 47(3): 221-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424219849093.
  • Clark L. (2018) Priming as a Motivating Factor in Sociophonetic Variation and Change. Topics in Cognitive Science 10(4): 729-744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tops.12338.
  • Clark L. and Watson K. (2016) Phonological leveling, diffusion, and divergence:/t/lenition in Liverpool and its hinterland. Language Variation and Change 28(1): 31-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954394515000204.
  • Clark L., MacGougan H., Hay J. and Walsh L. (2016) "Kia ora. This is my earthquake story". Multiple applications of a sociolinguistic corpus. Ampersand 3: 13-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2016.01.001.
  • Watson K. and Clark L. (2015) Exploring listeners' real-time reactions to regional accents. Language Awareness 24(1): 38-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2014.882346.
  • Maguire W., Clark L. and Watson K. (2013) Introduction: what are mergers and can they be reversed? English Language and Linguistics 17(2): 229-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1360674313000014.
  • Watson K. and Clark L. (2013) How salient is the NURSE~SQUARE merger? English Language and Linguistics 17(2): 297-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S136067431300004X.
  • Clark L. and Watson K. (2011) Testing claims of a usage-based phonology with Liverpool English t-to-r. English Language and Linguistics 15(3): 523-547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1360674311000153.
  • Schleef E., Meyerhoff M. and Clark L. (2011) Teenagers' acquisition of variation: A comparison of locally-born and migrant teens' realisation of English (ing) in Edinburgh and London. English World-Wide: A Journal of Varieties of English 32(2): 206-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.32.2.04sch.
  • Clark L. and Schleef E. (2010) The acquisition of sociolinguistic evaluations among Polish-born adolescents learning English: Evidence from perception. Language Awareness 19(4): 299-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2010.524301.
  • Clark L. and Trousdale G. (2009) Exploring the role of token frequency in phonological change: Evidence from TH-Fronting in east-central Scotland. English Language and Linguistics 13(1): 33-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1360674308002852.
  • Clark L. and Trousdale G. (2009) Exploring the role of token frequency in phonological change: evidence from TH-Fronting in east-central ScotlandExploring the role of token frequency in phonological change: evidence from TH-Fronting in east-central Scotland. English Language and Linguistics 13(1): 33-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1360674308002852.
  • Clark L. (2008) Re-examining vocalic variation in Scottish English: A Cognitive Grammar approach. Language Variation and Change 20(2): 255-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954394508000094.
  • Clark L. (2007) Cognitive sociolinguistics: A viable approach to variation in linguistic theory. LACUS Forum 33: 105-118.
  • Clark L. (2006) A Cognitive Approach to Social Networks. LACUS Forum 32: 67-79.
Chapters
  • Watson KD. and Clark L. (2017) The Origins of Liverpool English. In Hickey R (Ed.), Listening to the Past: Audio Records of Accents of English: 114-141. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781107279865.007.
  • Clark L. (2014) Phonological repetition effects in natural conversation: evidence from TH-fronting in Fife. In Lawson R (Ed.), Sociolinguistics in Scotland: 153-176. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Clark L. and Trousdale G. (2013) Using participant observation and social network analysis. In Krug M; Schluter J (Ed.), Research Methods in Language Variation and Change: 36-52. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Clark L. (2012) Dialect data, lexical frequency and the usage-based approach. In de Vogelear G; Sieler G (Ed.), Dialects as a Testing Ground for Theories of Language Change: 53-72. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • McMahon A., Barras W., Clark L., Knooihuizen R., Patten A. and Sullivan J. (2011) Language Matters 1: Linguistics. In Bate J (Ed.), The Public Value of the Humanities: 462-483. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Clark L. and Trousdale G. (2010) A cognitive approach to quantitative sociolinguistic variation: Evidence from th-fronting in Central Scotland. In Geeraerts D; Kristiansen G; Peirsman Y (Ed.), Cognitive Linguistics Research Vol. 45: Advances in Cognitive Sociolinguistics: 291-322. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter Mouton.
Conference Contributions - Published
  • Brand J., Hay J., Clark L., Watson K. and Sóskuthy M.. (2019) Systematic covariation of monophthongs across speakers of New Zealand English. In Calhoun S; Escudero P; Tabain M; Warren P (Eds). Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences: 1878-1882. Canberra: Australasian Speech Science Technology Association Inc.
  • Villarreal D., Hay J. and Clark L.. (2019) Modelling gradience in English /r/ via statistical classification. In Calhoun S; Escudero P; Tabain M; Paul W (Eds). Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences: 1893-1897. Canberra: Australasian Speech Science Technology Association Inc.
  • Meyerhoff M., Schleef E. and Clark L.. (2009) Becoming local: Exploring adolescents' sociolinguistic limits and potential. In Proceedings of the BAAL Annual Conference 2009: 93-98.
Conference Contributions - Other
  • Brand J., Hay J., Clark L., Watson K. and Soskuthy M. (2020) At the margins of vowel-space change: Leaders and laggers in the evolution of vocalic subsystems. Vancouver (online): Laboratory Phonology 17, 8 Jul 2020.
  • Brand J., Hay J., Clark L., Watson K. and Soskuthy M. (2019) Detecting co-variation of vowels withing the time-course of conversations. University of Canterbury: Linguistic Society Conference of New Zealand, 28-29 Nov 2019.
  • Villarreal D., Clark L., Hay J. and Watson K. (2019) The Short Front Vowel Shift in Southland English. University of Canterbury: Linguistics Society of New Zealand, 28 Nov 2019.
  • Villarreal D., Papp V., Clark L., Hay J. and Watson K. (2019) Telling a new story with old data: Random-forest classification of non-prevocalic (r) in Southland New Zealand English. Macquarie University, Sydney: Variation and Language Processing, 23-25 Jan 2019.
  • Clark L. and van Eyndhoven S. (2018) The Effects of Socio-Political Change on Historical Scots. University of Edinburgh: 20th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics, 26-31 Aug 2018.
  • Clark L. and Villarreal D. (2018) Intraspeaker phonological priming in sociolinguistic variation. Auckland University: Sociolinguistics Symposium 22, 27 Jun-30 Jul 2018.
  • Villarreal D., Clark L., Hay J. and Watson K. (2018) Directions of change in Southland English (r). Victoria University of Wellington: New Zealand Linguistiics Society Conference, 16-18 Nov 2018.
  • Clark L. and Villarreal D. (2017) Phonological priming in consonants and vowels. Auckland: New Zealand Linguistics Society Conference, 23-24 Nov 2017.
  • Clark L. (2016) Priming and sociophonetic variation in natural speech. Blacksburg, VA, USA: Sociolinguistics and Language Processing, 31 Mar-2 Apr 2016.
  • Clark L. and van Eyndhoven S. (2015) The rise of Scottish Standard English: A Statistical Analysis of a Morphological Variable. Dunedin: New Zealand Linguistics Society conference, 14-15 Dec 2015.
  • Clark L., Hay J., Rathcke T., Stuart-Smith J. and Watson K. (2015) How Scottish ancestry influenced early New Zealanders' vowel lengths. Dunedin, New Zealand: New Zealand Linguistics Society, 14-15 Dec 2015.
  • Watson K., Clark L. and van Eyndhoven S. (2015) T-to-R in north-west England: lexical frequency, schema strength and transitional probability. Newcastle, UK: 13th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, 20-25 Jul 2015.
  • Watson K., Hay J., Stuart-Smith J., Clark L. and Rathcke T. (2015) How Scottish ancestry influenced early New Zealanders' vowel lengths. York, UK: 10th UK Language Variation and Change Conference (UKLVC), 1-3 Sep 2015.
  • Clark L. (2014) Recency effects on word-medial /t/ in New Zealand English. Newcastle, Australia: Australian Linguistics Society Conference, 10-12 Dec 2014.
  • Clark L. (2014) The UC Linguistics Amazing Race: a model for the NZ Linguistics Olympiad? University of Waikato: New Zealand Linguistics Society Conference (Language in Society), 25-28 Nov 2014.
  • Clark L. and McGougan H. (2014) Resources for students and teachers from the QuakeBox Canterbury earthquake stories. University of Waikato: New Zealand Linguistics Society Conference (Language in Society), 25-28 Nov 2014.
  • Clark L. and Walsh L. (2014) Recency effects on word-medial /t/ in New Zealand English: initial observations. Christchurch, New Zealand: 15th International Australasian Speech Science & Technology Conference (SST), 2-5 Dec 2014.
  • Clark L., Hay J., Walsh L. and Millar P. (2014) Investigating within-speaker variation in the QuakeBox Canterbury earthquake stories. Chicago, IL USA: New Ways of Analyzing Variation 43, 23-26 Oct 2014.
  • Clark L. and Watson K. (2013) Comparing individual speaker constraints with the speech community: /t/ debuccalisation in English. Christchurch, New Zealand: Variation and Language Processing Conference (VALP), 16-18 Jan 2013.
  • Clark L. and Watson K. (2013) The transmission and diffusion of /t/ debuccalisation. Sheffield, UK: UK Language Variation and Change (UKLVC), 2-4 Sep 2013.
  • Watson K. and Clark L. (2012) Sociolinguistic salience and the NURSE/SQUARE merger. Auckland, New Zealand: 13th Language and Society Conference, 27-28 Nov 2012.
  • Watson K., Clark L. and Gold E. (2012) Phonological convergence and divergence in North-West England: the case of /t/ lenition. Auckland, New Zealand: 13th Language and Society Conference, 27-28 Nov 2012.
  • Clark L. and Watson K. (2011) Capturing listeners' real-time reactions to the NURSE~SQUARE merger. Boston, MA, USA: International Society for the Linguistics of English 2011 Conference (ISLE 2011), 17-21 Jun 2011.
  • Clark L. and Watson K. (2011) Evidence for phonological priming from sociophonetics. Edge Hill University, UK: 8th UK Language Variation and Change Conference (UKLVC8), 12-14 Sep 2011.
  • Clark L., Watson K. and West H. (2011) Th-fronting in the north west: new data from an old friend. Edge Hill University, UK: 8th UK Language Variation and Change Conference (UKLVC8), 12-14 Sep 2011.
  • Maguire W., Clark L. and Watson K. (2011) The meaning of 'merger'. Boston, MA, USA: International Society for the Linguistics of English 2011 Conference (ISLE 2011), 17-21 Jun 2011.
  • Watson K. and Clark L. (2011) Capturing listeners' real-time reactions to local and supralocal linguistic features. Chester, UK: Variation and Language Processing Conference, 11-13 Apr 2011.
  • Watson K., Clark L. and West H. (2011) Changes in Liverpool English interdental fricatives. Wellington, New Zealand: 19th Biennial Conference of the Linguistics Society of New Zealand, 17-18 Nov 2011.
  • Clark L. (2010) Phonological priming in natural conversation: some methodological and theoretical considerations. Landau, Germany: 34th International LAUD Symposium, 15-18 Mar 2010.
  • Clark L. and Schleef E. (2010) Migrant teenagers' acquisition of social constraints: the case of gender and style. University of London, UK: Dialect and Social Change in Urban Diasporic Communities, 1-2 Jul 2010.
  • Clark L. and Watson K. (2010) Testing a usage-based phonology with northern English t-to-r. Montpellier, France: PAC Workshop 2010, The Phonology of English: usage, varieties and structure, 13-15 Sep 2010.
  • Watson K. and Clark L. (2010) t-to-r' in British English: Word Frequency, Constructions, and Sociolinguistics. San Antonio, TX, USA: New Ways of Analysing Variation (NWAV 39), 4-6 Nov 2010.
  • Meyerhoff M., Schleef E. and Clark L. (2009) Attitudes towards varieties of English among Polish immigrants in the UK. Poznan, Poland: 40th Poznan Linguistics Meeting (PLM 2009), 2-5 Sep 2009.
  • Meyerhoff M., Schleef E. and Clark L. (2009) Becoming local: Exploring adolescents' sociolinguistic limits and potential. Newcastle, UK: 7th UK Language Variation and Change Conference (UKLVC7), 1-3 Sep 2009.
  • Meyerhoff M., Schleef E. and Clark L. (2009) Sociolinguistics and immigration: linguistic variation among Scottish-born and Polish-born adolescents in Edinburgh. Ottawa, Canada: New Ways of Analysing Variation (NWAV 38), 22-25 Oct 2009.
  • Clark L. (2008) A usage-based approach to phonological variation and change: using non-standard varieties as a testing ground. Freiburg, Germany: 1st Triennial Conference of the International Society for the Linguistics of English (ISLE 1), 8-11 Oct 2008.
  • Clark L. (2008) Dialect data and the usage-based approach. Leeds, UK: 13th International Conference on Methods in Dialectology (Methods XIII), 4-8 Aug 2008.
  • Clark L. (2008) The social meaning of th-fronting in east-central Scotland. Amsterdam, Netherlands: 17th Sociolinguistic Symposium, 3-5 Apr 2008.
  • Clark L. and Trousdale G. (2007) Entrenchment in Cognitive Sociolinguistics: variation and change in th-fronting in central Scotland. Poznan, Poland: 10th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, 15-20 Jul 2007.
  • Clark L. and Trousdale G. (2007) The role of frequency in phonological change: evidence from TH-fronting in Central Scotland. Toulouse, France: 2nd International Conference on the Linguistics of Contemporary English (ICLCE2), 2-4 Jul 2007.
  • Clark L. (2006) New perspectives in sociolinguistics: a cognitive approach Affiliation. Limerick, Ireland: 16th Sociolinguistic Symposium, 6-8 Jul 2006.
Oral Presentations
  • Clark L. (2019) Do opposites attract or do birds of a feather flock together? Exploring the repetition and co-variation of linguistic variables within and across speakers. Plenary address.. Macquarie University, Sydney: Variation and Language Processing 4, 23 Jan 2019.
  • Clark L. (2017) Medial /t/s in Middle Earth. University of Edinburgh: English Language Research Group Invited Talk, University of Edinburgh, 12 Dec 2017.
  • Clark L. (2016) New Zealand English: a laboratory for phonological variation and change. Plenary address.. Christchurch, New Zealand: New Zealand English and English in New Zealand, 08 Jun 2016.
  • Clark L. (2015) Phonological recency effects in natural speech - Invited talk. The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development: MARCS afternoon colloquium.
  • Clark L. and Watson K. (2011) Sociophonetics meets Scouse: explorations in the production and perception of Liverpool English. University of Northumbria, UK: Linguistics Seminar Series.
  • Clark L. and Watson KD. (2011) Liverpool English and its hinterland. Birmingham City University: Invited talk, Birmingham City School of English Research Seminar Series.
  • Kerswill P., Watson KD. and Clark L. (2011) Salience. University of Bergen: Invited talk at the Language Change in Modern Sociolinguistics symposium.
  • Watson K. and Clark L. (2011) It's not just levelling: exploring phonological change in north-west England. Wellington, New Zealand: School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies Seminars.
  • Watson K. and Clark L. (2010) Exploring t-to-r in Liverpool and Lancashire. University of Manchester, UK: Invited talk at the University of Manchester Linguistics Seminar series.
Additional Publications
  • Maguire W., Clark L. and Watson K. (2013) English Language and Linguistics 17(2) Special Issue: Phonological mergers in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 161pp.
  • Clark L. (2009) Variation, Change and the Usage-based Approach. Edinburgh, Scotland. University of Edinburgh.

Review and Refereeing

Displaying all items.
  • Journal of Sociolinguistics and Language, Variation and Change. ( 2011 - 2021)
  • Language Variation and Change ( 2006 - 2021)

Affiliations

  • International Society for the Linguistics of English (ISLE) (Professional Organisation): member
  • Linguistics Assocation of Great Britain (LAGB) (Professional Organisation): member
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