Research/Scholarly/Creative Works

• Bienvenu F., Lambert A. and Steel M. (2022) Combinatorial and stochastic properties of ranked tree-child networks. Random Structures and Algorithms 60(4): 653-689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rsa.21048. (Journal Articles)

• Gabora L., Beckage NM. and Steel M. (2022) An Autocatalytic Network Model of Conceptual Change. Topics in Cognitive Science 14(1): 163-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tops.12583. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W., Steel M. and Kauffman S. (2022) Autocatalytic Sets Arising in a Combinatorial Model of Chemical Evolution. Life 12(11) http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12111703. (Journal Articles)

• Manson K., Semple C. and Steel M. (2022) Counting and optimising maximum phylogenetic diversity sets. Journal of Mathematical Biology 85(1) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-022-01779-3. (Journal Articles)

• Mehta RS., Steel M. and Rosenberg NA. (2022) The Probability of Joint Monophyly of Samples of Gene Lineages for All Species in an Arbitrary Species Tree. Journal of Computational Biology 29(7): 679-703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2021.0647. (Journal Articles)

• Wertheim JO., Steel M. and Sanderson MJ. (2022) Accuracy in Near-Perfect Virus Phylogenies. Systematic Biology 71(2): 426-438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syab069. (Journal Articles)

• Bai A., Erdős PL., Semple C. and Steel M. (2021) Defining phylogenetic networks using ancestral profiles. Mathematical Biosciences 332 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2021.108537. (Journal Articles)

• Francis A., Huson DH. and Steel M. (2021) Normalising phylogenetic networks. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 163 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107215. (Journal Articles)

• Gabora L. and Steel M. (2021) An evolutionary process without variation and selection. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 18(180) http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0334. (Journal Articles)

• Kauffman S. and Steel M. (2021) The expected number of viable autocatalytic sets in chemical reaction systems. Artificial Life 27(1): 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00333. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2021) Modelling aspects of consciousness: A topological perspective. Journal of Theoretical Biology 523 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110713. (Journal Articles)

• Susko E., Steel M. and Roger A. (2021) Conditions under which distributions of edge length ratios on phylogenetic trees can be used to order evolutionary events. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.16.426961. (Journal Articles)

• Susko E., Steel M. and Roger AJ. (2021) Conditions under which distributions of edge length ratios on phylogenetic trees can be used to order evolutionary events. Journal of Theoretical Biology 526 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110788. (Journal Articles)

• Weller-Davies O., Steel M. and Hein J. (2021) Combinatorics of polymer-based models of early metabolism. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 35(4): 2304-2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/20M1324429. (Journal Articles)

• Wicke K., Mooers A. and Steel M. (2021) Formal Links between Feature Diversity and Phylogenetic Diversity. Systematic Biology 70(3): 480-490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa062. (Journal Articles)

• Gabora L. and Steel M. (2020) A model of the transition to behavioural and cognitive modernity using reflexively autocatalytic networks: A model of the transition to behavioural and cognitive modernity using reflexively autocatalytic networks. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 17(171) http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0545. (Journal Articles)

• Gabora L. and Steel M. (2020) From Uncertainty to Insight: An Autocatalytic Framework. http://dx.doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yrm4k. (Journal Articles)

• Gabora L. and Steel M. (2020) Modeling a Cognitive Transition at the Origin of Cultural Evolution Using Autocatalytic Networks. Cognitive Science 44(9) http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12878. (Journal Articles)

• Gascuel O. and Steel M. (2020) A Darwinian Uncertainty Principle. Systematic Biology 69(3): 521-529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz054. (Journal Articles)

• Sevillya G., Doerr D., Lerner Y., Stoye J., Steel M., Snir S. and Thorne J. (2020) Horizontal Gene Transfer Phylogenetics: A Random Walk Approach. Molecular Biology and Evolution 37(5): 1470-1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz302. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2020) Modelling aspects of consciousness: a topological perspective. http://dx.doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mzfrt. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Hordijk W. and Kauffman SA. (2020) Dynamics of a birth–death process based on combinatorial innovation. Journal of Theoretical Biology 491 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110187. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Xavier J. and Huson D. (2020) The structure of autocatalytic networks, with application to early biochemistry. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.18.158139. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Xavier JC. and Huson DH. (2020) The structure of autocatalytic networks, with application to early biochemistry: The structure of autocatalytic networks, with application to early biochemistry. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 17(171) http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0488. (Journal Articles)

• Weller-Davies O., Steel M. and Hein J. (2020) Complexity results for autocatalytic network models. Mathematical Biosciences 325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108365. (Journal Articles)

• Wicke K. and Steel M. (2020) Combinatorial properties of phylogenetic diversity indices. Journal of Mathematical Biology 80(3): 687-715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-019-01438-0. (Journal Articles)

• Wicke K., Mooers A. and Steel M. (2020) Formal Links between Feature Diversity and Phylogenetic Diversity. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.027953. (Journal Articles)

• Xavier JC., Hordijk W., Kauffman S., Steel M. and Martin WF. (2020) Autocatalytic chemical networks at the origin of metabolism. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287(1922) http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2377. (Journal Articles)

• Erdős PL., Semple C. and Steel M. (2019) A class of phylogenetic networks reconstructable from ancestral profiles. Mathematical Biosciences 313: 33-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2019.04.009. (Journal Articles)

• Herbst L., Li H. and Steel M. (2019) Quantifying the accuracy of ancestral state prediction in a phylogenetic tree under maximum parsimony. Journal of Mathematical Biology 78(6): 1953-1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-019-01330-x. (Journal Articles)

• Hoppe A., Türpitz S. and Steel M. (2019) Species notions that combine phylogenetic trees and phenotypic partitions. Journal of Mathematical Biology 78(1-2): 117-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-018-1269-z. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W., Steel M. and Kauffman SA. (2019) Molecular diversity required for the formation of autocatalytic sets. Life 9(1) http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life9010023. (Journal Articles)

• Huber KT., Moulton V. and Steel M. (2019) Phylogenetic Flexibility via Hall-Type Inequalities and Submodularity. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 81(2): 598-617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-018-0419-1. (Journal Articles)

• Huson D., Albrecht B., Patz S. and Steel M. (2019) Anti-consensus: detecting trees that have an evolutionary signal that is lost in consensus. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/706416. (Journal Articles)

• Pons JC., Semple C. and Steel M. (2019) Tree-based networks: characterisations, metrics, and support trees. Journal of Mathematical Biology 78(4): 899-918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-018-1296-9. (Journal Articles)

• Stadler T. and Steel M. (2019) Swapping Birth and Death: Symmetries and Transformations in Phylodynamic Models. Systematic Biology 68(5): 852-858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz039. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2019) Lambert and Stadler (2013): A unifying framework for modelling evolutionary trees. Theoretical Population Biology http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2019.07.002. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Hordijk W. and Xavier JC. (2019) Autocatalytic networks in biology: Structural theory and algorithms. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 16(151) http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0808. (Journal Articles)

• Bordewich M., Deutschmann IM., Fischer M., Kasbohm E., Semple C. and Steel M. (2018) On the information content of discrete phylogenetic characters. Journal of Mathematical Biology 77(3): 527-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-017-1198-2. (Journal Articles)

• Francis A., Semple C. and Steel M. (2018) New characterisations of tree-based networks and proximity measures. Advances in Applied Mathematics 93: 93-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aam.2017.08.003. (Journal Articles)

• Grünewald S., Huber KT., Moulton V. and Steel M. (2018) Combinatorial properties of triplet covers for binary trees. Advances in Applied Mathematics 99: 59-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aam.2018.04.002. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W. and Steel M. (2018) Autocatalytic networks at the basis of life’s origin and organization. Life 8(4) http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life8040062. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W., Steel M. and Dittrich P. (2018) Autocatalytic sets and chemical organizations: Modeling self-sustaining reaction networks at the origin of life. New Journal of Physics 20(1) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa9fcd. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Kauffman S. (2018) A note on random catalytic branching processes. Journal of Theoretical Biology 437: 222-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.10.024. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Pourfaraj V., Chaudhary A. and Mooers A. (2018) Evolutionary isolation and phylogenetic diversity loss under random extinction events. Journal of Theoretical Biology 438: 151-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.11.005. (Journal Articles)

• Bryant D., Francis A. and Steel M. (2017) Can We "future-Proof" Consensus Trees? Systematic Biology 66(4): 611-619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syx030. (Journal Articles)

• Casanellas M. and Steel M. (2017) Phylogenetic mixtures and linear invariants for equal input models. Journal of Mathematical Biology 74(5): 1107-1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-016-1055-8. (Journal Articles)

• Gabora L. and Steel M. (2017) Autocatalytic networks in cognition and the origin of culture. Journal of Theoretical Biology 431: 87-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.07.022. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W. and Steel M. (2017) Chasing the tail: The emergence of autocatalytic networks. BioSystems 152: 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.12.002. (Journal Articles)

• Huber KT., Moulton V. and Steel M. (2017) Minimum triplet covers of binary phylogenetic X-trees. Journal of Mathematical Biology 75(6-7): 1827-1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-017-1117-6. (Journal Articles)

• Huson DH., Steel M., El-Hadidi M., Mitra S., Peter S. and Willmann M. (2017) A simple statistical test of taxonomic or functional homogeneity using replicated microbiome sequencing samples. Journal of Biotechnology 250: 45-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.10.020. (Journal Articles)

• Matschiner M., Musilová Z., Barth JMI., Starostová Z., Salzburger W., Steel M. and Bouckaert R. (2017) Bayesian phylogenetic estimation of clade ages supports trans-Atlantic dispersal of cichlid fishes. Systematic Biology 66(1): 3-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syw076. (Journal Articles)

• Matschiner M., Musilová Z., Barth JMI., Starostová Z., Salzburger W., Steel M. and Bouckaert R. (2017) Bayesian Phylogenetic Estimation of Clade Ages Supports Trans-Atlantic Dispersal of Cichlid Fishes.. Syst Biol 66(1): 3-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syw076. (Journal Articles)

• Sober E. and Steel M. (2017) Similarities as evidence for common ancestry: A likelihood epistemology. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 68(3): 617-638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axv052. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Leuenberger C. (2017) The optimal rate for resolving a near-polytomy in a phylogeny. Journal of Theoretical Biology 420: 174-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.02.037. (Journal Articles)

• De Jong JV., McLeod JC. and Steel M. (2016) Neighborhoods of phylogenetic trees: Exact and asymptotic counts. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 30(4): 2265-2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/15M1035070. (Journal Articles)

• Gascuel O. and Steel M. (2016) A ‘Stochastic Safety Radius’ for Distance-Based Tree Reconstruction. Algorithmica 74(4): 1386-1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-015-0005-y. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W. and Steel M. (2016) Autocatalytic sets in polymer networks with variable catalysis distributions. Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 54(10): 1997-2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-016-0666-z. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W. and Steel M. (2016) Comment on "Tibor Gánti and Robert Rosen" by Athel Cornish-Bowden. Journal of Theoretical Biology 392: 122-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.11.020. (Journal Articles)

• Huber KT., Moulton V., Steel M. and Wu T. (2016) Folding and unfolding phylogenetic trees and networks. Journal of Mathematical Biology 73(6-7): 1761-1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-016-0993-5. (Journal Articles)

• Mark S., McLeod J. and Steel M. (2016) A Navigation System for Tree Space. Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications 20(2): 247-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.7155/jgaa.00392. (Journal Articles)

• McLeod JC., Steel M. and Mark S. (2016) A Navigation System for Tree Space. The University of Newcastle: 40th Australasian Conference on Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing (40ACCMCC), 12-16 Dec 2016. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2016) Autocatalytic sets and models of early life. Oxford University: Statistics Department seminar. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2016) Autocatalytic sets and models of early life. University of British Colombia (Kelowna campus), Canada: (invited seminar talk). (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2016) Darwin's regret: what maths tells us about the evolution of life. Konrad Lorenz Institute, Vienna, Austria: (invited talk). (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2016) Formal power series and combinatorial methods in phylogenetics. Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada: FPSAC (International Conference on Formal Power Series and Algebraic Combinatorics), 4-8 Jul 2016. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2016) Murphy's law in phylogenetics and beyond. Austin, Texas, USA: Evolution 2016, 17-21 Jun 2016. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2016) Phylogeny Discrete and Random Processes in Evolution. SIAM. xii+297. (Authored Books)

• Bernstein DI., Ho LST., Long C., Steel M., St John K. and Sullivant S. (2015) Bounds on the expected size of the maximum agreement subtree. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 29(4): 2065-2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/140997750. (Journal Articles)

• Chor B. and Steel M. (2015) Do tree split probabilities determine the branch lengths? Journal of Theoretical Biology 374: 54-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.03.024. (Journal Articles)

• Francis A. and Steel M. (2015) Which Phylogenetic Networks are Merely Trees with Additional Arcs? Systematic Biology 64(5): 768-777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syv037. (Journal Articles)

• Francis AR. and Steel M. (2015) Tree-like reticulation networks-When do tree-like distances also support reticulate evolution? Mathematical Biosciences 259: 12-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2014.10.008. (Journal Articles)

• Gravel S. and Steel M. (2015) The existence and abundance of ghost ancestors in biparental populations. Theoretical Population Biology 101: 47-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2015.02.002. (Journal Articles)

• Hagen O., Hartmann K., Steel M. and Stadler T. (2015) Age-Dependent Speciation Can Explain the Shape of Empirical Phylogenies. Systematic Biology 64(3): 432-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syv001. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W. and Steel M. (2015) Autocatalytic sets and boundaries. Journal of Systems Chemistry 6(1) http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13322-014-0006-2. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W. and Steel M. (2015) Conditions for evolvability of autocatalytic sets: a formal example and analysis. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 44(2): 111-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-014-9374-5. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W., Smith J. and Steel M. (2015) Algorithms for detecting and analysing autocatalytic sets. Algorithms in Molecular Biology 10(1): 15pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13015-015-0042-8. (Journal Articles)

• McTavish EJ., Steel M. and Holder MT. (2015) Twisted trees and inconsistency of tree estimation when gaps are treated as missing data - The impact of model mis-specification in distance corrections. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93: 289-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.027. (Journal Articles)

• Molitor D., Steel M. and Taylor A. (2015) The structure of symmetric n-player games when influence and independence collide. Advances in Applied Mathematics 62: 15-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aam.2014.09.001. (Journal Articles)

• Roch S. and Steel M. (2015) Likelihood-based tree reconstruction on a concatenation of aligned sequence data sets can be statistically inconsistent. Theoretical Population Biology 100: 56-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2014.12.005. (Journal Articles)

• Sanderson MJ., McMahon MM., Stamatakis A., Zwickl DJ. and Steel M. (2015) Impacts of Terraces on Phylogenetic Inference. Systematic Biology 64(5): 709-726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syv024. (Journal Articles)

• Scotland RW. and Steel M. (2015) Circumstances in Which Parsimony but not Compatibility will be Provably Misleading. Systematic Biology 64(3): 492-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syv008. (Journal Articles)

• Sober E. and Steel M. (2015) How probable is common ancestry according to different evolutionary processes? Journal of Theoretical Biology 373: 111-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.03.012. (Journal Articles)

• Sousa FL., Hordijk W., Steel M. and Martin W. (2015) Autocatalytic sets in the metabolic network of E. coli. Journal of Systems Chemistry 6(4): 21pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13322-015-0009-7. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2015) Reflections on the extinction-explosion dichotomy. Theoretical Population Biology 101: 61-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2015.03.001. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2015) Self-sustaining autocatalytic networks within open-ended reaction systems. Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 53(8): 1687-1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-015-0512-8. (Journal Articles)

• Dress A., Huber K. and Steel M. (2014) A matroid associated with a phylogenetic tree. Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science Vol. 16 no. 2(PRIMA 2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/dmtcs.2078. (Journal Articles)

• Dress A., Huber K. and Steel M. (2014) A matroid associated with a phylogenetic tree. Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science 16(2): 41-56. (Journal Articles)

• Fischer M., Galla M., Herbst L. and Steel M. (2014) The most parsimonious tree for random data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 80: 165-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.010. (Journal Articles)

• Gascuel O. and Steel M. (2014) Predicting the ancestral character changes in a tree is typically easier than predicting the root state. Systematic Biology 63(3): 421-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu010. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W., Wills P. and Steel M. (2014) Autocatalytic Sets and Biological Specificity. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 76(1): 201-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-013-9916-4. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W., Wills PR. and Steel M. (2014) Autocatalytic sets and biological specificity. Bulletin of mathematical biology 76(1): 201-224. (Journal Articles)

• Huber K. and Steel M. (2014) Reconstructing fully-resolved trees from triplet cover distances. Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 21(2) P2.15: 15pp. (Journal Articles)

• Mossel E. and Steel M. (2014) Majority rule has transition ratio 4 on Yule trees under a 2-state symmetric model. Journal of Theoretical Biology 360: 315-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.07.029. [Letter to the Editor]. (Other)

• Smith J., Steel M. and Hordijk W. (2014) Autocatalytic sets in a partitioned biochemical network. Journal of Systems Chemistry 5(2): 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1759-2208-5-2. (Journal Articles)

• Sober E. and Steel M. (2014) Time and knowability in evolutionary processes. Philosophy of Science 81(4): 558-579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677954. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2014) Tractable models for some discrete random processes arising in evolutionary biology. UCB Mathematics, UC Berkeley, CA, USA: Department colloquium. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2014) Tractable models for some discrete random processes arising in evolutionary biology. University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA: Department of Mathematics colloquium. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2014) Autocatalytic Sets and Models of Early Life. Simons Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA: Computational Theories of Evolution Workshop, 17-21 Mar 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Character data. Convexity, homoplasy-free evolution and 'perfect phylogeny' for binary and non-binary data. The 4-character result. Maximum parsimony. Links between parsimony score and TBR distance (Bryant), and the 2-character solution to the maximum parsimony problem. Rock Hill, SC, USA: National Science Foundation/ Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences Conference on Mathematical Phylogeny (NSF/CMBS), 28 Jun-2 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Distance-based tree reconstruction, the 4-point condition, neighbor joining. Paulin's formula and cyclic permutations, balanced minimum evolution (BME). Phylogenetic diversity and the greedy algorithm. Rock Hill, SC, USA: NSF/CMBS Conference on Mathematical Phylogeny, 28 Jun-2 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Introduction to phylogenetics: brief historical overview, and some of the ways in which mathematics can help biologists address fundamental questions. Definition of rooted vs unrooted phylogenetic trees, and their enumeration. Tree shape (and discrete models). Rock Hill, SC, USA: National Science Foundation/ Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences Conference on Mathematical Phylogeny (NSF/CMBS), 28 Jun-2 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Locating an evolutionary tree when genes are transferred or absent. Berkeley, CA, USA: Evolutionary Biology Seminar, 13 Jan 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Phylogenetic networks: Networks that represent uncertainty (implicit) vs explicit reticulate evolution (hybrid species, lateral gene transfer, recombination/re-assortment). Embedded trees, softwired and hardwired clusters. Types of networks (pedigree, haplotype, median, level-1). Properties of normal and regular networks. NeighborNet. Rock Hill, SC, USA: National Science Foundation/ Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences Conference on Mathematical Phylogeny (NSF/CMBS), 28 Jun-2 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Properties of trees: Tree rearrangement operations (NNI, SPR,TBR). Trees as hierarchies and split systems. Strict, majority and Adams consensus. The Robinson-Foulds metric. Rock Hill, SC, USA: National Science Foundation/ Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences Conference on Mathematical Phylogeny (NSF/CMBS), 28 Jun-2 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Stochastic model II: speciation and extinction; birth-death models, cases that fit a coalescent point process and/or uniform ranked tree distribution (Lambert et al). Edge lengths and predicting phylogenetic diversity loss. Rock Hill, SC, USA: National Science Foundation/ Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences Conference on Mathematical Phylogeny (NSF/CMBS), 28 Jun-2 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Stochastic models I: Site substitution models, the 'Felsenstein zone', non-stationarity, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Identifiability issues and phylogenetic mixture models. Rock Hill, SC, USA: National Science Foundation/ Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences Conference on Mathematical Phylogeny (NSF/CMBS), 28 Jun-2 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Stochastic models III: Kingman's coalescent, the multispecies coalescent and lineage sorting. Consistent reconstruction of species trees from conflicting gene trees (Rosenberg et al). Models of genome evolution and lateral gene transfer. Rock Hill, SC, USA: National Science Foundation/ Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences Conference on Mathematical Phylogeny (NSF/CMBS), 28 Jun-2 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Subtree-based tree reconstruction, quartet (and rooted triplet) encoding. The Aho algorithm, supertree methods (Majority (+), MRP, R*). Arrow-type results. Phylogenetic decisiveness (of topology and branch lengths) under patchy taxon coverage. Rock Hill, SC, USA: National Science Foundation/ Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences Conference on Mathematical Phylogeny (NSF/CMBS), 28 Jun-2 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) The current state of the art, unsolved questions, new approaches, and future challenges. Rock Hill, SC, USA: National Science Foundation/ Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences Conference on Mathematical Phylogeny (NSF/CMBS, 28 Jun-2 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) Tracing evolutionary links between species. The American Mathematical Monthly 121(9): 771-792. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/amer.math.monthly.121.09.771. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2014) What can the 'shape' of phylogenetic trees tell us about speciation and extinction in the past, and future biodiversity. Greifswald, Germany: Greifswald Phylogenetics Meeting 2014, 14-16 Jul 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2014) What can we reconstruct from the past? Montpellier, France: Mathematical and Computational Evolutionary Biology 2014, 15-19 Jun 2014. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. and Velasco J. (2014) Axiomatic opportunities and obstacles for inferring a species tree from gene tree. Syst. Biol. 63(5): 772-778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu043. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Velasco JD. (2014) Axiomatic opportunities and obstacles for inferring a species tree from gene trees. Systematic Biology 63(5): 772-778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu043. (Journal Articles)

• Bapteste E., van Iersel L., Janke A., Kelchner S., Kelk S., McInerney J., Morrison D., Nakhleh L., Steel M. and Stougie L. (2013) Networks: Expanding evolutionary thinking. Trends in Genetics 29(8): 439-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2013.05.007. (Journal Articles)

• Becker M., Gruenheit N., Steel M., Voelckel C., Deusch O., Heenan PB., McLenachan PA., Kardailsky O., Leigh JW. and Lockhart PJ. (2013) Hybridization may facilitate in situ survival of endemic species through periods of climate change. Nature Climate Change 3: 1039-1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2027. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W. and Steel M. (2013) A formal model of autocatalytic sets emerging in an RNA replicator system. Journal of Systems Chemistry 4(3): 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1759-2208-4-3. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W., Steel M. and Kauffman S. (2013) The origin of life, evolution, and functional organization. In Pontarotti P (Ed.), Evolutionary Biology: Exobiology and Evolutionary Mechanisms: 49-60. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38212-3_4. (Chapters)

• Lambert A. and Steel M. (2013) Predicting the loss of phylogenetic diversity under non-stationary diversification models. Journal of Theoretical Biology 337: 111-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.08.009. (Journal Articles)

• Radel D., Sand A. and Steel M. (2013) Hide and seek: placing and finding an optimal tree for thousands of homoplasy-rich sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69(3): 1186-1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.08.001. (Journal Articles)

• Sand A. and Steel M. (2013) The standard lateral gene transfer model is statistically consistent for pectinate four-taxon trees. Journal of Theoretical Biology 335: 295-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.07.002. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2013) Ancestral reconstruction, lateral gene transfer and joys of leaping between trees. Evolutionary Networks: Organisms, Reactions, Molecules (E-Norm), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldo. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2013) Ancestral reconstruction, lateral gene transfer, and the joys of leaping between trees. Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2013) Consistency of Bayesian inference of resolved phylogenetic trees. Journal of Theoretical Biology 336: 246-249. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2013) Lateral gene transfer, and the joys of leaping between trees. Snowbird, UT, USA: Evolution 2013, 21-26 Jun 2013. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2013) Predicting the loss of phylogenetic diversity under simple and more complex extinction models. Centre de recherches mathématiques (CRM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada: Mathematics for an Evolving Biodiversity, 16-20 Sep 2013. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2013) When data are in conflict I. Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany: Summer School on Phylogenetic Combinatorics, 28-30 Aug 2013. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M., Hordijk W. and Smith J. (2013) Minimal autocatalytic networks. Journal of Theoretical Biology 332: 96-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.04.032. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Linz S., Huson DH. and Sanderson MJ. (2013) Identifying a species tree subject to random lateral gene transfer. Journal of Theoretical Biology 322: 81-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.01.009. (Journal Articles)

• Zhu S. and Steel M. (2013) Does Random Tree Puzzle produce Yule-Harding trees in the many-taxon limit? Mathematical Biosciences 243(1): 109-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2013.02.003. (Journal Articles)

• Bryant D. and Steel M. (2012) Bureaucratic' set systems, and their role in phylogenetics. Applied Mathematics Letters 25(8): 1148-1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2012.02.026. (Journal Articles)

• Dress AWM., Huber KT. and Steel M. (2012) Lassoing' a phylogenetic tree I: basic properties, shellings, and covers. Journal of Mathematical Biology 65(1): 77-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-011-0450-4. (Journal Articles)

• Faller B. and Steel M. (2012) Trait-dependent extinction leads to greater expected biodiversity loss. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 26(2): 472-482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/090776743. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W. and Steel M. (2012) Autocatalytic sets extended: Dynamics, inhibition, and a generalization. Journal of Systems Chemistry 3(5): 12pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1759-2208-3-5. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W. and Steel M. (2012) Predicting template-based catalysis rates in a simple catalytic reaction model. Journal of Theoretical Biology 295: 132-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.11.024. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W., Steel M. and Kauffman S. (2012) The structure of autocatalytic sets: Evolvability, enablement, and emergence. Acta Biotheoretica 60(4): 379-392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10441-012-9165-1. (Journal Articles)

• Martyn I. and Steel M. (2012) The impact and interplay of long and short branches on phylogenetic information content. Journal of Theoretical Biology 314: 157-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.08.040. (Journal Articles)

• Mooers A., Gascuel O., Stadler T., Li H. and Steel M. (2012) Branch lengths on Yule trees and the expected loss of phylogenetic diversity. Systematic Biology 61(2): 195-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syr090. (Journal Articles)

• Moulton V. and Steel M. (2012) The 'Butterfly effect' in Cayley graphs with applications to genomics. Journal of Mathematical Biology 65(6-7): 1267-1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-011-0498-1. (Journal Articles)

• Nelson-Saith S., Dagan T., Landan A., Janssen A., Steel M., McInerney JO., Deppenmeier U. and Martin WF. (2012) Acquisition of 1,000 eubacterial genes physiologically transformed a methanogen at the origin of Haloarchaea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 109(50): 20537-20542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209119109. (Journal Articles)

• Sober E. and Steel M. (2012) Screening-off and casual completeness: a no-go theorem. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 64(3): 513-550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axs021. (Journal Articles)

• Soubrier J., Steel M., Lee M., Der Sarkissian C., Guindon S., Ho SYW. and Cooper A. (2012) The influence of rate heterogeneity among sites on the time dependence of molecular rates. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29(11): 3345-3358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss140. (Journal Articles)

• Stadler T. and Steel M. (2012) Distribution of branch lengths and phylogenetic diversity under homogeneous speciation models. Journal of Theoretical Biology 297: 33-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.11.019. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2012) Lassoing' a tree: Phylogenetic theory for sparse patterns of taxon coverage. Fakultät für Mathematik, Universität Bielefeld, Germany. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2012) What can probability theory tell us about life's past - and future? Mathematisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Germany. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2012) Peculiar properties of Penny's 'pully principle'. Kaikoura, New Zealand: The 16th Annual New Zealand Phylogenetics Meeting - South 2012, 29 Jan-3 Feb 2012. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2012) Probabilistic models of evolutionary trees. Montpellier, France: Mathematical and Computational Evolutionary Biology (MCEB), 18-22 Jun 2012. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2012) Quantifying phylogenetic signal. Dublin, Ireland: Annual Meeting of the Society for Molecular Biology 2012 (SMBE), 23-26 Jun 2012. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2012) Root location in random trees: A polarity property of all sampling consistent phylogenetic models except one. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(1): 345-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.022. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2012) Statistical issues in phylogenetic network models. Lorentz Center, Leiden, Netherlands: The Future of Phylogenetic Networks, 15-19 Oct 2012. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2012) What can the 'shape' of phylogenetic trees tell us about the processes of macro-evolution? Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France: phylosmile2012, 22-23 Oct 2012. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M., Mooers A., Gascuel O., Stadler T. and Li H. (2012) Branch lengths on Yule trees and the expected loss of phylogenetic diversity. Systematic Biology 61(2): 195-203. (Journal Articles)

• Holder MT. and Steel M. (2011) Estimating phylogenetic trees from pairwise likelihoods and posterior probabilities of substitution counts. Journal of Theoretical Biology 280: 159-166. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W., Kauffman S. and Steel M. (2011) Required levels of catalysis for the emergence of autocatalytic sets in models of chemical reaction systems. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12: 3085-3101. (Journal Articles)

• Sanderson MJ., McMahon MM. and Steel M. (2011) Terraces in phylogenetic tree space. Science 333: 448-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1206357. (Journal Articles)

• Sober E. and Steel M. (2011) Entropy increase and information loss in Markov models of evolution. Biology and Philosophy 26(2): 223-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10539-010-9239-x. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2011) "Lassoing" a tree: Phylogenetic theory for sparse patterns of taxon coverage. The IRMACS Centre, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada: IMC Colloquium Series. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2011) What can probability theory tell us about life's past - and future? Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2011) Can maths help us glimpse the future? NZ Science Teacher 126: 6-7. [Magazine Article]. (Other)

• Steel M. (2011) Can we avoid "SIN" in the house of "No Common Mechanism"? Systematic Biology 60(1): 96-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq069. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2011) Erratum: Can we avoid "SIN" in the house of "no common mechanism"? (Systematic Biology (2010) 60 (96-109)). Systematic Biology 60(3): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syr043. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2011) Lassoing' a tree: Phylogenetic theory for sparse patterns of taxon coverage. University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia: The UTas Theoretical Phylogenetics Meeting (Phylomania 2011), 10-11 Nov 2011. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2011) What can probability theory tell us about life’s past - and future? University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany: Colloquium "Bioinformatics in Tübingen", 10-10 Jun 2011. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Zhu S., Degnan JH. and Steel M. (2011) Clades, clans, and reciprocal monophyly under neutral evolutionary models. Theoretical Population Biology 79(4): 220-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2011.03.002. (Journal Articles)

• Dress AWM., Moulton V., Steel M. and Wu T. (2010) Species, clusters and the 'Tree of Life': A graph-theoretic perspective. Journal of Theoretical Biology 265(4): 535-542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.05.031. (Journal Articles)

• Gascuel O. and Steel M. (2010) Inferring ancestral sequences in taxon-rich phylogenies. Mathematical Biosciences 227(2): 125-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2010.07.002. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W., Hein J. and Steel M. (2010) Autocatalytic Sets and the Origin of Life. Entropy 12(7): 1733-1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e12071733. (Journal Articles)

• Ingram T. and Steel M. (2010) Modelling the unpredictability of future biodiversity in ecological networks. Journal of Theoretical Biology 264(3): 1047-1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.03.001. (Journal Articles)

• Magnuson-Ford K., Mooers A., Rioux Paquette S. and Steel M. (2010) Comparing strategies to preserve evolutionary diversity. Journal of Theoretical Biology 266(1): 107-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.06.004. (Journal Articles)

• Mihaescu R. and Steel M. (2010) Logarithmic bounds on the posterior divergence time of two sequences. Applied Mathematics Letters 23(9): 975-979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2010.04.020. (Journal Articles)

• Sanderson MJ., McMahon MM. and Steel M. (2010) Phylogenomics with incomplete taxon coverage: the limits to inference. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-155. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2010) Birth and death processes in molecular evolution and biodiversity conservation. Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand: Second Wellington Workshop in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (WWPMS 2010), 30 Nov-1 Dec 2010. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2010) Can we avoid "SIN" in the "House of No Common Mechanism"? Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand: The Annual New Zealand Phylogenetics Meeting (Doom10), 9-14 Feb 2010. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2010) Can we avoid "SIN" in the house of "No Common Mechanism"? Portland, OR, USA: Evolution 2010, 25-29 Jun 2010. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2010) Extracting evolutionary signal from patchy genomic data and gene content. Adelaide, Australia: Adelaide Phylogenetics Conference, 12-16 Apr 2010. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2010) Extracting evolutionary signal from patchy genomic data and gene content. Lyon, France: Annual Meeting of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE 2010), 4-8 Jul 2010. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2010) Predicting the loss of future evolutionary heritage. Portland, OR, USA: Evolution 2010_Portland_Jun 2010, 25-29 Jun 2010. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. and Mooers A. (2010) The expected length of pendant and interior edges of a Yule tree. Applied Mathematics Letters 23(11): 1315-1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2010.06.021. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Penny D. (2010) Origins of life: Common ancestry put to the test. Nature 465: 168-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/465168a. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Sanderson MJ. (2010) Characterizing phylogenetically decisive taxon coverage. Applied Mathematics Letters 23(1): 82-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2009.08.009. (Journal Articles)

• van Iersel L., Semple C. and Steel M. (2010) Locating a tree in a phylogenetic network. Information Processing Letters 110(23): 1037-1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2010.07.027. (Journal Articles)

• van Iersel L., Semple C. and Steel M. (2010) Quantifying the Extent of Lateral Gene Transfer Required to Avert a 'Genome of Eden'. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 72(7): 1783-1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-010-9506-7. (Journal Articles)

• Bryant D. and Steel M. (2009) Computing the distribution of a tree metric. IEEE/ACM Transactions in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 6(3): 420-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2009.32. (Journal Articles)

• Dress A. and Steel M. (2009) A Hall-type theorem for triplet set systems based on medians in trees. Applied Mathematics Letters 22(12): 1789-1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2009.07.001. (Journal Articles)

• Fischer M. and Steel M. (2009) Sequence length bounds for resolving a deep phylogenetic divergence. Journal of Theoretical Biology 256(2): 247-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.09.031. (Journal Articles)

• Huson DH., Moulton V. and Steel M. (2009) Special Section: Phylogenetics. IEEE/ACM Transactions in computational biology and bioinformatics 6(1): 4-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2009.21. (Journal Articles)

• Mossel E., Roch S. and Steel M. (2009) Shrinkage Effect in Ancestral Maximum Likelihood. IEEE/ACM Transactions in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 6(1): 126-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2008.107. (Journal Articles)

• Semple C. and Steel M. (2009) Mathematical Aspects of the 'Tree of Life'. Math Horizons 16(3): 5-9. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2009) Evolutionary trees and their application: from rapidly evolving pathogens to the "Noah's Ark problem". Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany: Oberseminar Bioinformatik / JCB-Seminare. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2009) Frontiers of phylogeny. CAS-MPG Partner institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, China: Darwin Day - A meeting to Celebrate the 200th Anniversary of Charles Darwin's birthday. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2009) Mixed up trees: The geometry of phylogenetic mixtures. Faculty of Mathematics, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2009) Tree reconstruction and other combinatorial aspects of evolution. Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany: Methods for Discrete Structures. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2009) A basic limitation on inferring phylogenies by pairwise sequence comparisons. Journal of Theoretical Biology 256(3): 467-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.10.010. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2009) Evolutionary trees and their application: from rapidly evolving pathogens to the "Noah's Ark problem". CAS-MPG Partner institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, China: Mathematical Models of Dynamics and Control of Environmental Change: Scaling from Genomes to Ecosystems, 26 Apr-1 May 2009. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2009) Mixed up trees: The geometry of phylogenetic mixtures. Rényi Institute, Budapest, Hungary: Phylogenetics 2009, 22-25 Jun 2009. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2009) Penny Ante': Mathematical biology or biological mathematics? New Zealand Science Review 66(1): 11-12. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2009) Probability, trees and evolution. Port Elliot, South Australia, Australia: Phylogenetics Workshop, 14-17 Apr 2009. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. and Faller B. (2009) Markovian log-supermodularity, and its applications in phylogenetics. Applied Mathematics Letters 22(7): 1141-1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2008.10.005. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Szekely L. (2009) Inverting Random Functions III: Discrete MLE Revisited. Annals of Combinatorics 13(3): 365-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00026-009-0023-z. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Szekely L. and Mossel E. (2009) Phylogenetic information complexity: Is testing a tree easier than finding it? Journal of Theoretical Biology 258: 95-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.01.007. (Journal Articles)

• Szekely L. and Steel M. (2009) An improved bound on the Maximum Agreement Subtree problem. Applied Mathematics Letters 22(11): 1778-1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2009.06.019. (Journal Articles)

• Wu T., Moulton V. and Steel M. (2009) Refining Phylogenetic Trees Given Additional Data: Algorithms Based on Parsimony. IEEE/ACM Transactions in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 6(1): 118-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2008.100. (Journal Articles)

• Wu T., Moulton V. and Steel M. (2009) Refining Phylogenetic Trees Given Additional Data: An Algorithm Based on Parsimony. IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 6(1): 118-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2008.102. (Journal Articles)

• Faller B., Pardi F. and Steel M. (2008) Distribution of phylogenetic diversity under random extinction. Journal of Theoretical Biology 251(2): 286-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.11.034. (Journal Articles)

• Fischer M. and Steel M. (2008) Expected Anomalies in the Fossil Record. Evolutionary Bioinformatics 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/EBO.S555. (Journal Articles)

• Fischer M. and Steel M. (2008) Expected Anomolies in the Fossil Record. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 4: 61-67. (Journal Articles)

• Gernhard T., Hartmann K. and Steel M. (2008) Stochastic properties of generalised Yule models, with biodiversity applications. Journal of Mathematical Biology 57(5): 713-735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-008-0186-y. (Journal Articles)

• Gill J., Linusson S., Moulton V. and Steel M. (2008) A regular decomposition of the edge-product space of phylogenetic trees. Advances in Applied Mathematics 41(2): 158-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aam.2006.07.007. (Journal Articles)

• Gruenheit N., Lockhart PJ., Steel M. and Martin W. (2008) Difficulties in Testing for Covarion-Like Properties of Sequences under the Confounding Influence of Changing Proportions of Variable Sites. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25(7): 1512-1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn098. (Journal Articles)

• Huson D., Moulton V., Steel M. and Freiberger M. (2008) Reconstructing the tree of life. Plus(46) [Magazine article]. (Other)

• Li G., Steel M. and Zhang L. (2008) More taxa are not necessarily better for the reconstruction of ancestral character states. Systematic Biology 57(4): 647-653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150802203898. (Journal Articles)

• Matsen FA., Mossel E. and Steel M. (2008) Mixed-up Trees: the Structure of Phylogenetic Mixtures. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 70(4): 1115-1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-007-9293-y. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2008) The joys of being mean: tricks for (evolutionary) trees. Department of Statistics, UC Berkeley, USA: Neyman Seminar. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2008) Beyond 'event horizons' in early evolution. Hameau de l'Etoile, France: Mathematics and Informatics in Evolution and Phylogeny, 10-12 Jun 2008. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2008) Is testing a tree easier than finding it? University of Auckland, New Zealand: 4th International Conference on Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing (4ICC), 15-19 Dec 2008. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2008) The joys of being mean. Whitianga, New Zealand: The Annual New Zealand Phylogenetics Meeting (Whitianga08), 10-15 Feb 2008. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. and Rodrigo A. (2008) Maximum likelihood supertrees. Systematic Biology 57(2): 243-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150802033014. (Journal Articles)

• Thatte BD. and Steel M. (2008) Reconstructing pedigrees: A stochastic perspective. Journal of Theoretical Biology 251(3): 440-449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.12.004. (Journal Articles)

• Thierer T., Bryant D. and Steel M. (2008) Counting Ancestral Reconstructions in a Fixed Phylogeny. Annals of Combinatorics 12(1): 123-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00026-008-0341-6. (Journal Articles)

• Whitfield JB., Cameron SA., Huson DH. and Steel MA. (2008) Filtered Z-Closure Supernetworks for Extracting and Visualizing Recurrent Signal from Incongruent Gene Trees. Systematic Biology 57(6): 939-947. (Journal Articles)

• Dress A. and Steel M. (2007) Phylogenetic Diversity Over an Abelian Group. Annals of Combinatorics 11(2): 143-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00026-007-0311-4. (Journal Articles)

• Gascuel O. and Steel M. (2007) Reconstructing Evolution: New Mathematical and Computational Advances. New York: Oxford University Press. 340. (Edited Volumes)

• Grunewald S., Steel M. and Swenson MS. (2007) Closure operations in phylogenetics. Mathematical Biosciences 208(2): 521-537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2006.11.005. (Journal Articles)

• Hartmann K. and Steel M. (2007) Phylogenetic diversity: from combinatorics to ecology. In Gascuel O; Steel M (Ed.), Reconstructing Evolution: New Mathematical and Computational Advances: 340. New York: Oxford University Press. (Chapters)

• Matsen FA. and Steel M. (2007) Phylogenetic Mixtures on a Single Tree Can Mimic a Tree of Another Topology. Systematic Biology 56(5): 767-775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150701627304. (Journal Articles)

• Moulton V., Semple C. and Steel M. (2007) Optimizing phylogenetic diversity under constraints. Journal of Theoretical Biology 246(1): 186-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.12.021. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2007) Combinatorial approaches in phylogenetics. Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2007) Informal discussions on Phylogenetic networks. Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, UK: Phylogenetics. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. (2007) Stars, nets, and the "war on error": Six mathematical challenges. Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, UK: EMBO Workshop on Current Challenges and Problems in Phylogenetics, 3-7 Sep 2007. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. (2007) Tools to Construct and Study Big Trees: A Mathematical Perspective. In Hodkinson TR; Parnell JAN (Ed.), Reconstructing the Tree of Life: Taxonomy and Systematics of Species Rich Taxa: 97-112. Boca Raton: CRC Press (Taylor and Francis). (Chapters)

• Steel M. and Matsen E. (2007) Is there a star paradox? Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand: The Annual New Zealand Phylogenetics Meeting (Doom07), 11-16 Feb 2007. (Conference Contributions - Other)

• Steel M. and Matsen FA. (2007) The Bayesian 'Star Paradox' Persists for Long Finite Sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(4): 1075-1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msm028. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Szekely L. (2007) Teasing Apart Two Trees. Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 16(6): 903-922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0963548307008656. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Mimoto A. and Mooers AO. (2007) Hedging our bets: the expected contribution of species to future phylogenetic diversity. Evolutionary Bioinformatics 3: 237-244. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Moulton V. and Huson D. (2007) Phylogenetics: interactions between mathematics and evolution. Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, UK: Phylogenetics. (Oral Presentations)

• Baroni M. and Steel M. (2006) Accumulation Phylogenies. Annals of Combinatorics 10(1): 19-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00026-006-0271-0. (Journal Articles)

• Baroni M., Semple C. and Steel M. (2006) Hybrids in real time. SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY 55(1): 46-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/106351500500431197. (Journal Articles)

• Baroni M., Semple C. and Steel M. (2006) Hybrids in Real Time. Systematic Biology 55(1): 46-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150500431197. (Journal Articles)

• Bordewich M., Semple C. and Steel M. (2006) Identifying X-trees with few characters. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 13 R83. (Journal Articles)

• Dress A. and Steel M. (2006) Mapping Edge Sets to Splits in Trees: the Path Index and Parsimony. Annals of Combinatorics 10(1): 77-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00026-006-0275-9. (Journal Articles)

• Gascuel O. and Steel M. (2006) Neighbor-Joining revealed. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23(11): 1997-2000. (Journal Articles)

• Gernhard T., Ford D., Vos R. and Steel M. (2006) Estimating the relative order of speciation or coalescence events on a given phylogeny. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 2: 309-317. (Journal Articles)

• Hartmann K. and Steel M. (2006) Maximizing Phylogenetic Diversity in Biodiversity Conservation: Greedy Solutions to the Noah's Ark Problem. Systematic Biology 55(4): 644-651. (Journal Articles)

• Huson D., Steel MA. and Whitfield J. (2006) Reducing Distortion in Phylogenetic Networks. In Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics 4175(Algorithms in Bioinformatics): 150-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11851561_14. (Conference Contributions - Published)

• Semple C. and Steel M. (2006) Unicyclic Networks: Compatibility and Enumeration. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 3(1): 84-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2006.14. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2006) Combinatorial approaches in phylogenetics. CWI-Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Diamant seminars: Combinatorics and Optimization, 01 Oct 2015. (Oral Presentations)

• Steel M. and Hein J. (2006) Reconstructing pedigrees: A combinatorial perspective. Journal of Theoretical Biology 240(3): 360-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.09.026. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Pickett KM. (2006) On the impossibility of uniform priors on clade size. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 585-586. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Szekely L. (2006) On the variational distance of two trees. The Annals of Applied Probability 16(3): 1563-1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051606000000196. (Journal Articles)

• Baroni M., Semple C. and Steel M. (2005) A Framework for Representing Reticulate Evolution. Annals of Combinatorics 8(4): 391-408. (Journal Articles)

• Huber K., Moulton V. and Steel M. (2005) Four characters suffice to convexly define a phylogenetic tree. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 18(4): 835-843. (Journal Articles)

• Huber KT., Moulton V., Semple C. and Steel M. (2005) Recovering a phylogenetic tree using pairwise closure operations. Applied Mathematics Letters 18: 361-366. (Journal Articles)

• Huson DH., Kloepper T., Lockhart PJ. and Steel M. (2005) Reconstruction of reticulate networks from gene trees. In LNBI 3500: 233-249. (Conference Contributions - Published)

• Lockhart P. and Steel M. (2005) A tale of two processes. Systematic Biology 54(6): 948-951. (Journal Articles)

• Mossel E. and Steel M. (2005) Random biochemical networks and the probability of self-sustaining autocatalysis. Journal of Theoretical Biology 233(3): 327-336. (Journal Articles)

• Mossel E. and Steel M. (2005) How much can evolved characters tell us about the tree that generated them? In Gascuel O (Ed.), Mathematics of Evolution and Phylogeny: 384-412. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Chapters)

• Steel M. (2005) Phylogenetic diversity and the greedy algorithm. Systematic Biology 54(4): 527-529. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2005) Should phylogenetic models be trying to 'fit an elephant'? Trends in Genetics 21(6): 307-309. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Penny D. (2005) Maximum parsimony and the phylogenetic information in multi-state characters. In Albert V (Ed.), Parsimony, phylogeny and genomics: 163-178. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Chapters)

• Bashford JD., Jarvis PD., Sumner J. and Steel M. (2004) U(1) x U(1) x U(1) symmetry of the Kimura 3ST model and phylogenetic branching processes. Journal of Physics (A) 37(8): L81-L89. (Journal Articles)

• Bryant D., Semple C. and Steel M. (2004) Supertree methods for ancestral divergence dates and other applications. In Bininda-Emonds ORP (Ed.), Computational Biology, Vol. 4: Phylogenetic Supertrees: Combining Information to Reveal the Tree of Life: 129-150. Dordrecht: Kluwer. (Chapters)

• Dezulian T. and Steel M. (2004) Phylogenetic closure operations and homoplasy-free evolution. In Banks D; House L; McMorris FR; Arabie P; Gaul W (Ed.), Classification, clustering, and data mining applications (Proceedings of the meeting of the International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS) 2004): 395-416. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. (Chapters)

• Esser C., Ahmadinejad N., Wiegand C., Rotte C., Sebastiani F., Gelius-Dietrich G., Henze K., Kretschmann E., Richly E. and Leister D. (2004) A genome phylogeny for mitochondria among α-proteobacteria and a predominantly eubacterial ancestry of yeast nuclear genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution 21(9): 1643-1660. (Journal Articles)

• Hordijk W. and Steel M. (2004) Detecting autocatalyctic, self-sustaining sets in chemical reaction systems. Journal of Theoretical Biology 227(4): 451-461. (Journal Articles)

• Huson D. and Steel M. (2004) Phylogenetic trees based on gene content. Bioinformatics 20: 2044-2049. (Journal Articles)

• Huson DH. and Steel M. (2004) Distances that perfectly mislead. Systematic Biology 53(2): 327-332. (Journal Articles)

• Huson DH., Dezulian T., Klöpper T. and Steel MA. (2004) Phylogenetic Super-Networks from Partial Trees. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 1(4): 151-158. (Journal Articles)

• Huson DH., Dezulian T., Klöpper T. and Steel MA. (2004) Phylogenetic Super-networks from Partial Trees. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 3240: 388-399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30219-3_33. (Journal Articles)

• Mossel E. and Steel M. (2004) A phase transition for a random cluster model on phylogenetic trees. Mathematical Biosciences 187: 189-203. (Journal Articles)

• Moulton V. and Steel M. (2004) Peeling phylogenetic 'oranges'. Advances in Applied Mathematics 33(4): 710-727. (Journal Articles)

• Semple C. and Steel M. (2004) Cyclic permutations and evolutionary trees. Advances in Applied Mathematics 32: 669-680. (Journal Articles)

• Semple C., Daniel P., Hordijk W., Page RDM. and Steel M. (2004) Supertree algorithms for ancestral divergence dates and nested taxa. Bioinformatics 20(15): 2355-2360. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2004) Inferring Phylogenies - an epic worth the wait (Book Review). Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19(4): 173-174. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Penny D. (2004) Two further links between MP and ML under the Poisson Model. Applied Mathematics Letters 17(7): 785-790. (Journal Articles)

• Bryant D., McKenzie A. and Steel M. (2003) The size of a maximum agreement subtree for random binary trees. BioConsensus, DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science 61: 55-65. (Journal Articles)

• Semple C. and Steel M. (2003) Phylogenetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 256pp. (Authored Books)

• Bininda-Emonds ORP., Gittleman JL. and Steel MA. (2002) The (Super)tree of life: Procedures, problems, and prospects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS 33: 265-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150511. (Journal Articles)

• Bininda-Emonds ORP., Gittleman JL. and Steel MA. (2002) The (super)tree of life: procedures, problems, and prospects. Annual Reviews in Ecology and Systematics 33: 265-289. (Journal Articles)

• Semple C. and Steel M. (2002) A characterization for a set of partial partitions to define an X-tree. Discrete Mathematics 247: 169-186. (Journal Articles)

• Semple C. and Steel M. (2002) Tree reconstruction from multi-state characters. Advances in Applied Mathematics 28: 169-184. (Journal Articles)

• Sober E. and Steel MA. (2002) Testing the hypothesis of common ancestry. Journal of Theoretical Biology 218(4): 395-408. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (2002) Some statistical aspects of the maximum parsimony method. In DeSalle R; Giribet G; Wheeler W (Ed.), Molecular Systematics and Evolution: Theory and Practice: 125-140.Birkhauser. (Chapters)

• Steel MA. and Szekely LA. (2002) Inverting random functions (II): explicit bounds for discrete maximum likelihood estimation, with applications. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 15(4): 562-575. (Journal Articles)

• Semple C. and Steel M. (2001) Tree reconstruction via a closure operation on partial splits. In Computational Biology: Selected papers of the First International Conference on Biology, Informatics, and Mathematics: 126-134. (Conference Contributions - Published)

• Steel M. and Bryant D. (2001) Constructing optimal trees from quartets. Journal of Algorithms 38: 237-259. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Hein J. (2001) Applying the Thorne-Kishino-Felsenstein model sequence evolution on a star-shaped tree. Applied Mathematics Letters 14: 679-684. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and McKenzie A. (2001) The "shape" of phylogenies under simple random speciation models. In Ed (Ed.), Proceedings of Evolution and Statistical Physics conference: 165-185. Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer. (Chapters)

• Steel MA. (2001) Subtree transfer operations and their induced metrics on evolutionary trees. Annals in Combinatorics 5: 1-13. (Journal Articles)

• McKenzie A. (2000) Properties of phylogenetic trees generated by Yule-type speciation models. Math. Biosci 170: 91-112. (Journal Articles)

• McKenzie A. and Steel MA. (2000) Distributions of cherries for two models of trees. Math. Biosciences 164: 81-92. (Journal Articles)

• Moulton V., Zucker M., Penny D. and Pointon R. (2000) Metrics on RNA Secondary Structures. Journal of Computational Biology 7: 277-292. (Journal Articles)

• Semple C. and Steel M. (2000) A supertree method for rooted trees. Discrete Applied Mathematics 105: 147-158. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Bocker S. and Dress AWM. (2000) Algorithmic Aspects of tree amalgamation. Journal of Algorithms 37: 522-537. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Dress AWM. and Böcker S. (2000) Simple but fundamental limitations on supertree and consensus tree methods. Systematic Biology 49(2): 363-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/49.2.363. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Ng M. and Wormald N. (2000) The difficulty of constructing a leaf-labelled tree including or avoiding given subtrees. Discrete Applied Mathematics 98: 227-235. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. (2000) Sufficient conditions for two tree reconstruction techniques to succeed on sufficiently long sequences. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 14: 36-48. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. (2000) The emergence of a self-catalysing structure in abstract origin-of-life models. Applied Mathematics Letters 3: 91-95. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. and Penny D. (2000) Parsimony, likelihood and the role of models in molecular phylogenetics. Molecular Biol. and Evolution 17: 839-850. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Böcker S. and Dress AWM. (2000) Some simple but fundamental limits for supertree and consensus tree methods. Systematic Biol 42: 363-368. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Huson D. and Lockhart PJ. (2000) Invariable sites models and their use in phylogeny reconstruction. Systematic Biol 42: 225-232. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Lockhart PJ., Huson D., Maier U., Fraunholz MJ., Peer YV., Barbrook AC. and Howe C. (2000) How molecules evolve in Eubacteria. Molecular Biol. and Evolution 17: 835-838. (Journal Articles)

• Bryant D. and Steel M. (1999) Fast algorithms for constructing optimal trees from quartets. In Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms: 147-155. (Conference Contributions - Published)

• Semple C. and Steel M. (1999) Tree representations of non-symmetric, group-valued proximities. Advances in Applied Mathematics 23: 300-321. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Moulton V. (1999) Retractions of finite distance functions onto tree metrics.. Discrete Applied Mathematics (Eds. Choice) 91: 215-233. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. and Szekely LA. (1999) Inverting random functions. Annals of Combinatorics 3: 103-113. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. and Waddell PJ. (1999) Approximating likelihoods under low but variable rates across sites. Applied Mathematics Letters 12: 13-19. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Boecker S. and Dress AWM. (1999) Patching up X-trees. Annals in Combinatorics 3: 1-12. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Erdös P., Szekely LA. and Warnow TA. (1999) A few logs suffice to build (almost) all trees (Part 1). Rand. Struct. Alg 14: 153-184. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Szekely LA. and Warnow T. (1999) A few logs suffice to build (almost) all trees (Part 2). Theor. Comput. Sci 221: 77-118. (Journal Articles)

• Bonet M., Steel M., Warnow T. and Yooseph S. (1998) Better methods for solving parsimony and compatibility. In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Computational Molecular Biology, RECOMB: 40-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/279069.279081. (Conference Contributions - Published)

• Hendy MD. and Penny D. (1998) Reconstructing phylogenies from nucleotide pattern frequencies - a survey and some new results. Discr. Appl. Math 88: 367-396. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Bonet M., Warnow T. and Yooseph S. (1998) Better methods for solving parsimony and compatibility. Journal of Comparative Biology 5: 377-390. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Lockhard PJ., Barbrook AC., Huson D., Charleston MA. and Howe CJ. (1998) A covariotide model explains apparent phylogenetic structure of oxygenic photosynthetic lineages. Mol. Biol. Evol 15: 1183-1187. (Journal Articles)

• Dress A., Moulton V. and Steel MA. (1997) Trees, taxonomy and strongly compatible multi-state characters. Advances in Applied Mathematics : 1-30. (Journal Articles)

• Erdös P., Steel M., Szekely L. and Warnow T. (1997) Local quartet splits of a binary tree imply all quartet splits under one dyadic inference rule. Computers and Artificial Intelligence 16(2): 217-227. (Journal Articles)

• Erdös PL., Steel MA., Székely LA. and Warnow T. (1997) Constructing big trees from short sequences. In Automata, Languages and Programming Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1256: 827-837. (Conference Contributions - Published)

• Hamel AM. and Steel MA. (1997) The length of a leaf coloration on a random binary tree. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 10(3): 359-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/S0895480194271591. (Journal Articles)

• Moulton V., Steel M. and Tuffley C. (1997) Dissimilarity maps and substitution models: some new results. Mathematical Hierarchies and Biology, DIMACS series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer ScienceAmerican Mathematical Society. (Chapters)

• Steel M. and Hamel A. (1997) The length of a random leaf coloration on a random tree. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 10: 359-372. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. and Waddell PJ. (1997) General time reversible distances with unequal rates across sites. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: 398-414. (Journal Articles)

• Tuffley C. and Steel MA. (1997) Links between maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony under a simple model of site substitution. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 59(3): 581-607. (Journal Articles)

• Tuffley C. and Steel MA. (1997) Modelling the covarion hypothesis of nucleotide substitution. Mathematical Biosciences 147: 63-91. (Journal Articles)

• Waddell PJ. and Steel MA. (1997) General Time-Reversible Distances with Unequal Rates across Sites: Mixing Γ and Inverse Gaussian Distributions with Invariant Sites. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8(3): 398-414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1997.0452. (Journal Articles)

• Baritompa B. and Steel MA. (1996) Bounds on absorption times of directionally biased random sequences. Random Structures and Algorithms 9(3): 279-293. (Journal Articles)

• Hamel A. and Steel MA. (1996) Finding a maximum compatible tree is NP-hard for sequences and trees. Applied Mathematics Letters 9(2): 55-60. (Journal Articles)

• Lockhart PJ., Larkum WD., Steel MA., Waddell P. and Penny D. (1996) Evolution of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll: The problem of invariant sites in sequence analysis. Proceedings National Academy Sciences, USA 93: 1930-1934. (Journal Articles)

• Lockhart PJ., Steel MA. and Larkum AWD. (1996) Erratum: Gene duplication and the evolution of photosynthetic reaction center proteins (FEBS 16994) (FEBS Letters 385 (1996) 193-196). FEBS Letters 390(2): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(96)81381-0. (Journal Articles)

• Lockhart PJ., Steel MA. and Larkum AWD. (1996) Gene Duplication and the Evolution of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. FEBS Letters 385: 193-196. (Journal Articles)

• Penny D., Hendy MD., Lockhart PJ. and Steel MA. (1996) Corrected parsimony, minimum evolution, and hadamard conjugations. SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY 45(4): 596-606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2413536. (Journal Articles)

• Penny D., Steel MA., Lockhart PJ. and Hendy MD. (1996) Corrected parsimony, minimum evolution and Hadamard conjugations. Systematic Biology 45(4): 596-696. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Goldstein L. and Waterman MS. (1996) A central limit theorem for the parsimony length of trees. Advances in Applied Probability 28(04): 1051-1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800027555. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Cooper A. and Penny D. (1996) Confidence Intervals for the divergence times of two clades. Systematic Biology 45(2): 127-134. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Goldstein L. and Waterman M. (1996) A central limit theorem for parsimony length of trees. Advances in Applied Probability 28(4): 1051-1071. (Journal Articles)

• Bandelt HJ. and Steel MA. (1995) Symmetric matrices representable by weighted trees over a cancellative abelian monoid. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 8(4): 517-525. (Journal Articles)

• Bryant DJ. and Steel MA. (1995) Extension operations on sets of leaf-labelled trees. Advances in Applied Mathematics 16(4): 425-453. (Journal Articles)

• Penny D., Steel MA., Waddell PJ. and Hendy MD. (1995) Improved Analyses of Human mtDNA Sequences Support a Recent African Origin for Homo sapiens. Molecular Biology and Evolution 12(5): 863-882. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M. (1995) Reconstructing evolutionary trees under a variety of Markov-style models. In Proceedings of Phylogeny Workshop (DIMACS Technical Report 95-48): 51-54. (Conference Contributions - Published)

• Steel M. and Charleston M. (1995) Five surprising properties of parsimoniously colored trees. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 57(2): 367-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460622. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. and Charleston M. (1995) Five surprising properties of parsimoniously colored trees. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 57(2): 367-375. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. and Fu YX. (1995) Classifying and counting linear phylogenetic invariants for the Jukes-Cantor model. Journal of Computational Biology 2(1): 39-47. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Lockhart PJ. and Penny D. (1995) A frequency dependent significance test for parsimony. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4(1): 64-71. (Journal Articles)

• Zabinski Z., Wood G., Steel MA. and Baritompa B. (1995) Pure adaptive search for finite global optimization. Mathematical Programming 69: 443-448. (Journal Articles)

• Zabinsky ZB., Wood GR., Steel MA. and Baritompa WP. (1995) Pure adaptive search for finite global optimization. Mathematical Programming 69(1): 443-448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585570. (Journal Articles)

• Hendy MD., Penny D. and Steel MA. (1994) A discrete Fourier analysis for evolutionary trees. Procedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 91: 3339-3343. (Journal Articles)

• Lockhart PJ., Steel MA., Penny D. and Hendy MD. (1994) Recovering evolutionary trees under a more realistic model of sequence evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11(4): 605-612. (Journal Articles)

• McMorris FR. and Steel MA. (1994) The complexity of the median procedure for binary trees. In Diday E; Lechevallier Y; Schader M; Bertrand P; Burtschy B (Ed.), New Approaches in Classification and Data Analysis, Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization: 136-140. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. (Chapters)

• Penny D., Steel MA., Lockhart PJ. and Hendy MD. (1994) The role of models in reconstructing evolutionary trees. In Scotland RW; Siebert DJ; Williams DM (Ed.), Models in Phylogeny reconstruction Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Chapters)

• Steel MA. (1994) Recovering a tree from the leaf colourations it generates under a Markov model. Applied Mathematics Letters 7(2): 19-24. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. (1994) The maximum likelihood point for a phylogenetic tree is not unique. Systematic Biology 43(4): 560-564. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Székely L. and Hendy MD. (1994) Reconstructing trees when sequence sites evolve at variable rates. Journal of Computational Biology 1(2): 153-163. (Journal Articles)

• Székely L., Erdös PL. and Steel MA. (1994) The combinatorics of evolutionary trees - a survey. Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing 15: 241-254. (Journal Articles)

• Moon JW. and Steel MA. (1993) A limiting theorum for parsimoniously bi-coloured trees. Applied Mathematics Letters 6(4): 5-8. (Journal Articles)

• Penny D., Steel MA. and Watson E. (1993) Trees from languages and genes are very similar. Systematic Biology 42(3): 382-384. (Journal Articles)

• PENNY D., WATSON EE. and STEEL MA. (1993) TREES FROM LANGUAGES AND GENES ARE VERY SIMILAR. SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY 42(3): 382-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992472. (Journal Articles)

• Steel M., Szákely L., Erdös PL. and Waddell P. (1993) A complete family of phylogenetic invariants for any number of taxa under kimura’s 38T model. New Zealand Journal of Botany 31(3): 289-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1993.10419506. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. (1993) Decompositions of leaf-coloured binary trees. Advances in Applied Mathematics 14(1): 1-24. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. (1993) Distributions on bicoloured binary trees arising from the principle of parsimony. Discrete Applied Mathematics 41(3): 245-261. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. and Penny D. (1993) Distributions of tree comparison metrics - some new results. Systematic Biology 42(2): 126-141. (Journal Articles)

• STEEL MA. and PENNY D. (1993) DISTRIBUTIONS OF TREE COMPARISON METRICS - SOME NEW RESULTS. SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY 42(2): 126-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992536. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. and Warnow T. (1993) Kaikoura tree theorems: computing the maximum agreement subtree. Information Processing Letters 48: 77-82. (Journal Articles)

• STEEL MA., HENDY MD. and PENNY D. (1993) PARSIMONY CAN BE CONSISTENT. SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY 42(4): 581-587. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992491. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Lockhart P. and Penny D. (1993) Confidence in evolutionary trees from biological sequence data. Nature 364: 440-442. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Penny D. and Hendy MD. (1993) Parsimony can be consistent! Systematic Biology 42: 581-587. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Székely L., Erdös PL. and Waddell P. (1993) A complete family of phylogenetic invariants for any number of taxa under Kimura's 3ST model. NZ Journal of Botany (conference proceedings) 13(3): 289-296. (Journal Articles)

• Székely L., Erdös PL., Steel MA. and Penny D. (1993) A fourier inversion formula for evolutionary trees. Applied Mathematics Letters 6(2): 13-17. (Journal Articles)

• Székely L., Steel MA. and Erdös PL. (1993) Fourier calculus on evolutionary trees. Advances in Applied Mathematics 14: 200-216. (Journal Articles)

• Wood GR. and Steel MA. (1993) On a problem of Andersson and Perlman. Statistics and Probability Letters 18: 381-382. (Journal Articles)

• Dress A. and Steel MA. (1992) Convex tree realizations of partitions. Applied Mathematics Letters 5(3): 3-6. (Journal Articles)

• Penny D., Hendy MD. and Steel MA. (1992) Progress with methods for constructing evolutionary trees. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7(3): 73-79. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. (1992) The complexity of reconstructing trees from qualitative characters and subtrees. Journal of Classification 9: 91-116. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Hendy MD. and Penny D. (1992) Significance of the length of the shortest tree. Journal of Classification 9: 71-90. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Hendy MD., Székely L. and Erdös PL. (1992) Spectral analysis and a closest tree method for genetic sequences. Applied Mathematics Letters 5(6): 63-67. (Journal Articles)

• Penny D., Hendy MD. and Steel MA. (1991) Testing the theory of descent. In Miyamoto M; Cracraft J (Ed.), Phylogenetic Analysis of DNA sequences: 155-183. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Chapters)

• Steel MA. (1990) Distributions on bicoloured evolutionary trees, (PhD abstract). Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 41: 159-160. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA. (1989) Distributions on bicoloured evolutionary trees. Palmerston North, New Zealand. Massey University. (Theses / Dissertations)

• Hendy MD., Steel MA., Penny D. and Henderson IM. (1988) Families of trees and consensus. In Bock HH (Ed.), Classification and Related Methods of Data Analysis: 355-362. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North Holland). (Chapters)

• Steel MA. (1988) Distribution of the symmetric difference metric on phylogenetic trees. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 1(4): 541-551. (Journal Articles)

• Steel MA., Penny D. and Hendy MD. (1988) Loss of information in genetic distances. Nature 336(6195): 118. (Journal Articles)

Editorial Work

• Algorithms in Molecular Biology Editorial Board Member ( 2004 - 2023)
• Bulletin of Mathematical Biology Associate Editor ( 2010 - 2023)
• Computational Biology Editorial Board Member ( 2001 - 2023)
• Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online Associate Editor ( 2007 - 2023)
• IEEE/ACM Transactions in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Associate Editor ( 2006 - 2010)
• Journal of Computational Biology Editorial Board Member ( 1997 - 2002)
• Journal of Computational Biology Editorial Board Member ( 0 - 2023)
• Systematic Biology Associate Editor ( 2003 - 2006)
• Systematic Biology Associate Editor ( 0 - 2023)

Research Groups